Bikes that are specifically designed for the road and therefore categorised as road bikes fall into two main types - those road bikes that are built for endurance and those that are built for racing.
Endurance road bikes and racing road bikes share many similarities. Both complete with relatively thinner tyres, when compared to other types of bike, such as mountain, hybrid of cyclocross bikes. The thin nature of the tyre is designed to provide enough grip on smooth surfaces such as roads but without slowing the rider down too much. The distinctive 'drop' handlebars are another key feature. They allow for comfort even over longer distances but also provide a riding position that is aerodynamic and built for speed. The position a rider sits on a road bike is aimed to cope with the need for bigger gears and to provide protection for the joints.
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However, whilst at first glance road bikes that are meant for endurance and those that are designed for racing may look the same, there are some key differences which are designed to cater for these different preferences.
Second hand racing bikes tend to have stiffer frames to enable all the force gained through pedalling to be used in a swift and powerful forward motion. The front end of used racing bikes is usually slightly lower, which allows for the rider to become even more aerodynamic. Similarly, a comparatively short wheelbase and steeper geometry creates fast handling and makes for a more responsive ride. There will be little clearance necessary between the wheels and the frame of second hand racing bikes. This means that thinner tyres can be fitted.
Because racing bikes need to be stiff, alloy or aluminium is a frequently used material with many racing bikes. Although more expensive, aluminium racing bikes are both lighter and stiffer than steel racing bikes.
Many see carbon as the ultimate material for a racing bike. They offer more flexibility due to the way that the carbon fibres are laid in different directions. This means that you can get stiffness and flexibility when you need it.

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